Презентация по английскому на тему новая зеландия. Презентация на тему: Новая Зеландия

The short-i of KIT is a central vowel around [ə] or [ɘ]. This sounds somewhat similar to (although not quite as open as) a short-u in other forms of English, and contrasts sharply with the [i]-like vowel heard in Australia. The New Zealander"s short-i is not phonologically distinct from the schwa /ə/. The short-e /ɛ/ of DRESS has moved to fill in the space left by /ɪ/, and it is phonetically in the region of [e]. It sounds like a short-i itself to most other English speakers. Likewise, the short-a /æ/ of TRAP is approximately [ɛ], which sounds like a short-e to other English speakers.

Documentary films from the first half of the 20th century featuring both Australian and New Zealand voices show that the accents were more similar before the Second World War and they diverged mostly after the 1950s. Recent linguistic research has suggested that the short, flat "i" heard in New Zealand comes from the dialects of English spoken by lower-class English people in the late-19th century. It is, however, also encountered in Scottish English, and given the higher level of Scottish emigration to New Zealand than to Australia, this may also be an influence. The pronunciation of English vowels by native Māori speakers may also have influenced the New Zealand accent. There is also a Māori accent distinct from the accent of native English speakers.

The vowels /ɪə/ as in near and /eə/ as in square are increasingly being merged, so that here rhymes with there; and bear and beer, and rarely and really are homophones. This is the "most obvious vowel change taking place" in New Zealand English. There is some debate as to the quality of the merged vowel, but the consensus appears to be that it is towards a close variant, . Before /l/, the vowels /iː/:/ɪə/ (as in reel vs real), as well as /ɒ/:/oʊ/ (doll vs dole), and sometimes /ʊ/:/uː/ (pull vs pool), /ɛ/:/æ/ (Ellen vs Alan) and /ʊ/:/ɪ/ (full vs fill) may be merged.

New Zealand English is mostly non-rhotic (with linking and intrusive R), except for speakers of the so-called Southland burr, a semi-rhotic, Scottish-influenced dialect heard principally in the Southland and parts of Otago. Among r-less speakers, however, non-prevocalic /r/ is sometimes pronounced in a few words, including Ireland and the name of the letter R itself. /l/ is dark in all positions, and is often vocalised in the syllable coda. This varies in different regions and between different socio-economic groups; the younger, lower social class speakers vocalise /l/ most of the time.

Other consonants The distinction between /w/ as in witch and /hw/ as in which, retained by older speakers, now seems to be disappearing.

New Zealand English has the trap-bath split; words like dance, chance, plant and grant have /ɑː/, as in Southern England and South Australia. As in Australian English, some New Zealanders will pronounce past participles such as grown, thrown and mown with two syllables, inserting an additional schwa /-oʊ.ən/. By contrast, groan, throne and moan are all unaffected, meaning these word pairs can be distinguished by ear. This has also been heard (rarely) in the pronunciation of the word three, where the schwa appears between the "th" and the "r", creating a two-syllable word, and in words such as dwarf and Dwane/Duane where the schwa appears between the "d" and the "w" (or "u"), leading to puns like "Duosyllabic Duane".

The trans- prefix is commonly pronounced /trænts/. This produces mixed pronunciation of the as in words like "transplant" (/trænzplɑːnt/) whereas in northern (but not southern) British English the same vowel is used in both syllables (/trænzplænt/). The name of the letter H is usually /eɪtʃ/, as in North America, but it can be the aspirated /heɪtʃ/ of Hiberno-English origin also found in Australian English, though this is often considered incorrect. (The /heɪtʃ/ pronunciation of "h" is now widespread in the United Kingdom, being used by approximately 24% of British people born since 1982.)

lad, cat, ran ɐ run, enough ɒ not, wasp ʊ put, wood

ʉː soon

now ɪə near, here eə hair, there ʉɐ tour

Many local everyday words have been borrowed from the Māori language, including words for local flora, fauna, and the natural environment. See Māori influence on New Zealand English. The dominant influence of Māori on New Zealand English is lexical. A 1999 estimate based on the Wellington corpora of written and spoken New Zealand English put the proportion of words of Māori origin at approximately 0.6%, mostly place and personal names. The everyday use of Maori words is usually colloquial, and is far more common among youth, young adults and Maori populations themselves. Examples include words like "Kia Ora" ("Hello"), or "Kai" ("Food") which almost all New Zealanders know.

Māori is also ever-present and has a significant conceptual influence in the legislature, government, and community agencies (e.g. health and education), where legislation requires that proceedings and documents are translated into Māori (under certain circumstances, and when requested). Political discussion and analysis of issues of sovereignty, environmental management, health, and social well-being thus rely on Māori at least in part. Māori as a spoken language is particularly important wherever community consultation occurs.

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New Zealand is a country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two large islands – the North Island and the South Island – and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. In Māori, New Zealand has come to be known as Aotearoa, which is usually translated into English as The Land of the Long White Cloud. The Realm of New Zealand also includes the Cook Islands and Niue, which are self-governing but in free association; Tokelau; and the Ross Dependency (New Zealand"s territorial claim in Antarctica). New Zealand is notable for its geographic isolation, being separated from Australia to the northwest by the Tasman Sea, approximately 2000 kilometres (1250 miles) across. Its closest neighbours to the north are New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga. New Zealand is a country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two large islands – the North Island and the South Island – and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. In Māori, New Zealand has come to be known as Aotearoa, which is usually translated into English as The Land of the Long White Cloud. The Realm of New Zealand also includes the Cook Islands and Niue, which are self-governing but in free association; Tokelau; and the Ross Dependency (New Zealand"s territorial claim in Antarctica). New Zealand is notable for its geographic isolation, being separated from Australia to the northwest by the Tasman Sea, approximately 2000 kilometres (1250 miles) across. Its closest neighbours to the north are New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga.

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Until 1911, New Zealand used the same national coat of arms as the United Kingdom. When New Zealand became a Dominion in 1907, it was decided that a new Coat of Arms was required, and a design competition was held. Since being granted its own arms in 1911, New Zealand"s arms have remained similar to the current design, with minor changes in 1956. The shield is now supported by two figures, a blonde Pākehā (European) woman holding the New Zealand flag, and a Māori warrior holding a taiaha (Māori staff). The shield is topped with the St Edward"s Crown, and beneath the shield are two silver fern leaves and a scroll bearing the words "New Zealand". Until 1911, New Zealand used the same national coat of arms as the United Kingdom. When New Zealand became a Dominion in 1907, it was decided that a new Coat of Arms was required, and a design competition was held. Since being granted its own arms in 1911, New Zealand"s arms have remained similar to the current design, with minor changes in 1956. The shield is now supported by two figures, a blonde Pākehā (European) woman holding the New Zealand flag, and a Māori warrior holding a taiaha (Māori staff). The shield is topped with the St Edward"s Crown, and beneath the shield are two silver fern leaves and a scroll bearing the words "New Zealand".

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The Maori people are the indigenous people of New Zealand. Maoritanga is the native language. It is believed that the Maori migrated from Polynesia in canoes about the 9th century to 13th century AD. The Maoris lived in tribes called ‘iwi’. They lived in villages and were fishermen, hunters and framers. The present Maori population has increased to about 250,000 and the Maori live in all parts of New Zealand, but predominately in the North Island where the climate is warmer. The Maori people are the indigenous people of New Zealand. Maoritanga is the native language. It is believed that the Maori migrated from Polynesia in canoes about the 9th century to 13th century AD. The Maoris lived in tribes called ‘iwi’. They lived in villages and were fishermen, hunters and framers. The present Maori population has increased to about 250,000 and the Maori live in all parts of New Zealand, but predominately in the North Island where the climate is warmer.

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The North Island is one of the two main islands of New Zealand. The island is 113,729 sq. km in area, making it the world"s 14th-largest island. It has a population of 3,148,400. Several important cities are in the North Island: Auckland, and Wellington, the capital. Approximately 76% of New Zealand"s population lives in the North Island. The North Island is one of the two main islands of New Zealand. The island is 113,729 sq. km in area, making it the world"s 14th-largest island. It has a population of 3,148,400. Several important cities are in the North Island: Auckland, and Wellington, the capital. Approximately 76% of New Zealand"s population lives in the North Island.

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Wellington is the capital of New Zealand, the country"s second largest urban area and the most populous national capital in Oceania. The population is about 449,000 people. Wellington is New Zealand"s political centre, housing Parliament and the head offices of all government ministries and departments, plus the bulk of the foreign diplomatic missions based in New Zealand. Wellington is the capital of New Zealand, the country"s second largest urban area and the most populous national capital in Oceania. The population is about 449,000 people. Wellington is New Zealand"s political centre, housing Parliament and the head offices of all government ministries and departments, plus the bulk of the foreign diplomatic missions based in New Zealand.

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Auckland is the largest urban area of the country. With over 1,260,900 people it has over a quarter of the country"s population. Auckland is the largest urban area of the country. With over 1,260,900 people it has over a quarter of the country"s population.

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Hamilton is the country"s 7th largest city. The population is 187, 960 people. It is in the Waikato region of the North Island. It sits on both banks of the Waikato River. The city is host to a large number of small galleries and the Waikato Museum. Hamilton is home to more than 25,000 students, mostly enrolled in one of the city"s two main institutes, the University of Waikato and Waikato Institute of Technology. Hamilton is the country"s 7th largest city. The population is 187, 960 people. It is in the Waikato region of the North Island. It sits on both banks of the Waikato River. The city is host to a large number of small galleries and the Waikato Museum. Hamilton is home to more than 25,000 students, mostly enrolled in one of the city"s two main institutes, the University of Waikato and Waikato Institute of Technology.

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Rotorua is a town on the southern shore of Lake Rotorua in the Bay of Plenty region. The city has a population of 53,000, of which one third is Māori. Rotorua is well-known for geothermal activity. There are a number of geysers, notably the 20-m Pohutu geyser at Whakarewarewa, and hot mud pools located in the city, which owe their presence to the Rotorua caldera. Rotorua is a town on the southern shore of Lake Rotorua in the Bay of Plenty region. The city has a population of 53,000, of which one third is Māori. Rotorua is well-known for geothermal activity. There are a number of geysers, notably the 20-m Pohutu geyser at Whakarewarewa, and hot mud pools located in the city, which owe their presence to the Rotorua caldera.

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New Plymouth is the port and main city in the Taranaki region. The population is about 49,500 people. The city is a service centre for the region"s principal economic activities. It is also a bustling financial centre as the home of the TSB Bank. New Plymouth is the port and main city in the Taranaki region. The population is about 49,500 people. The city is a service centre for the region"s principal economic activities. It is also a bustling financial centre as the home of the TSB Bank.

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Taupo is a small urban area in the centre of the North Island. It is the seat of the Taupo District Council. Taupo has a population of 22,300.Taupo is located at the north-east corner of Lake Taupo, and functions as a tourist centre, particularly in the summer, as it offers panoramic views over the lake and the volcanic mountains of Tongariro National Park to the south. One of New Zealand"s most spectacular waterfalls, the Huka Falls is also close to the town. Taupo is a small urban area in the centre of the North Island. It is the seat of the Taupo District Council. Taupo has a population of 22,300.Taupo is located at the north-east corner of Lake Taupo, and functions as a tourist centre, particularly in the summer, as it offers panoramic views over the lake and the volcanic mountains of Tongariro National Park to the south. One of New Zealand"s most spectacular waterfalls, the Huka Falls is also close to the town.

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The South Island is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand. The South Island has an area of 151,215 sq. km, making it the world"s 12th-largest island. It has a population of 991,100. Along its west coast runs the mountain chain of the Southern Alps with Mount Cook being the highest point, 3,754 m. The South Island is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand. The South Island has an area of 151,215 sq. km, making it the world"s 12th-largest island. It has a population of 991,100. Along its west coast runs the mountain chain of the Southern Alps with Mount Cook being the highest point, 3,754 m.

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Dunedin is the second-largest city in the South Island, and the principal city of the region of Otago. The population is about 114,700 people. It is New Zealand"s fifth largest city in terms of population. For historical and cultural reasons, Dunedin is considered one of the country"s four main centres. The city stands on the hills and valleys surrounding the head of Otago Harbour. The harbour and hills are the remnants of an extinct volcano. It is the home of the University of Otago. Dunedin is the second-largest city in the South Island, and the principal city of the region of Otago. The population is about 114,700 people. It is New Zealand"s fifth largest city in terms of population. For historical and cultural reasons, Dunedin is considered one of the country"s four main centres. The city stands on the hills and valleys surrounding the head of Otago Harbour. The harbour and hills are the remnants of an extinct volcano. It is the home of the University of Otago.

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Picton is the gateway to the South Island. The town"s main purpose is to cater for the travellers who arrive or depart the ferry service that runs between both the North and South islands. Picton is a small town, but is busy as travellers prepare to explore the area or strike out further a field to the nearby Nelson or Canterbury regions. The population is about 4,200 people. Picton is the gateway to the South Island. The town"s main purpose is to cater for the travellers who arrive or depart the ferry service that runs between both the North and South islands. Picton is a small town, but is busy as travellers prepare to explore the area or strike out further a field to the nearby Nelson or Canterbury regions. The population is about 4,200 people.

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There are some 70 species of birds found nowhere else in the world, more than a third of them are flightless, and almost a quarter of them nocturnal. Notable New Zealand birds include the Tui, Bellbird, Kiwi, Kakapo, Takahe, and Weka. New Zealand is also home to many seabirds including the Albatross, which has the longest wing span of any bird in the world. The most spectacular of all New Zealand birds was the Moa. Some Moa"s reached heights of 15 feet, making them the tallest bird in the world. There are some 70 species of birds found nowhere else in the world, more than a third of them are flightless, and almost a quarter of them nocturnal. Notable New Zealand birds include the Tui, Bellbird, Kiwi, Kakapo, Takahe, and Weka. New Zealand is also home to many seabirds including the Albatross, which has the longest wing span of any bird in the world. The most spectacular of all New Zealand birds was the Moa. Some Moa"s reached heights of 15 feet, making them the tallest bird in the world.

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New Zealand is one of the world’s richest bio-diverse flora areas on earth. It is endemic and its extent is enormous. Native trees include Rimu, Totara, Matai, Kahikatea, Rata, Tawa and many species of ferns including some giant tree ferns. Other notable trees include the Cabbage Tree, the Nikau Palm which is New Zealand"s only palm tree, and the Giant Kauri, which hold the record for the greatest timber volume of any tree. One of the most noticeable plants is the Pohutukawa which detonates with brilliant red flowers around December. New Zealand is one of the world’s richest bio-diverse flora areas on earth. It is endemic and its extent is enormous. Native trees include Rimu, Totara, Matai, Kahikatea, Rata, Tawa and many species of ferns including some giant tree ferns. Other notable trees include the Cabbage Tree, the Nikau Palm which is New Zealand"s only palm tree, and the Giant Kauri, which hold the record for the greatest timber volume of any tree. One of the most noticeable plants is the Pohutukawa which detonates with brilliant red flowers around December.

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With the exception of two species of bat, no indigenous mammals are native to New Zealand. Wild mammals include deer, goats, pigs, rabbits, weasels, ferrets. Marine mammals are dolphins, seals and whales. New Zealand contains no snakes and has only one poisonous spider called the Katipo. Other insects include the Weta one species of which may grow as large as a house mouse and is the heaviest insect in the world. New Zealand"s most unigue animal is the Tuatara, which is a lizard-like reptile that predates the Dinosaur and is considered a living fossil. With the exception of two species of bat, no indigenous mammals are native to New Zealand. Wild mammals include deer, goats, pigs, rabbits, weasels, ferrets. Marine mammals are dolphins, seals and whales. New Zealand contains no snakes and has only one poisonous spider called the Katipo. Other insects include the Weta one species of which may grow as large as a house mouse and is the heaviest insect in the world. New Zealand"s most unigue animal is the Tuatara, which is a lizard-like reptile that predates the Dinosaur and is considered a living fossil.

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New Zealand. Is made by pupil of the 10 th form Krivosheina Mariya

New Zealand is an island nation, situated between the Equator and the South Pole in the southern Pacific Ocean. It is situated the same distance east from Australia as London is from Moscow. The distance between the two countries is about 1,600 kilometres. The countries are separated by the Tasman Sea.

New Zealand includes two main and a number of smaller islands. Each of the two main islands (North and South Islands) is hilly and mountainous. The main mountain ranges are on the South Island and include the Southern Alps, in which 20 peaks exceed 3,000 metres. The highest peak is Mount Cook on South Island.

A volcanic plateau is in the centre of North Island. There are three active volcanoes in North Island, and the Rotorua district is known for its geysers and hot springs. Earthquakes are frequent there.

New Zealand has an oceanic climate, without extremes of heat or cold. Snow is common only in the mountains. The eastern lowlands include the driest and sunniest climates.

The population of the country is small, 3 .6 million people. Three fourths of New Zealanders live on North Island. The largest centre of population is Auckland. The Capital of the country is Wellington.

The Largest cities of the country are Wellington, Auckland, Christchurch. English and Maori are the official languages, also English is the main language.

New Zealand is an independent state and a member of the Commonwealth. The British monarch is head of state, represented by Governor General. As in Great Britain, the legislature is called the Parliament. In New Zealand the Parliament consists of a single chamber, the House of Representatives. Its member are elected every three years. There are 120 member in the House of Representatives. The leader of the party in power becomes the Prime Minister, who heads the formal Executive Council. There are 38 government departments in the country. Most ministers have charge of more than one department.

The Parliament seats in Wellington in the building which is called the Beehive because of its form. The Prime Minister’s residence in Wellington is known as Vogel House.

New Zealand’s dairy industry is considered to be the most efficient. The export of dairy products is the largest in the world despite the country’s small size and population. Other industries are textiles, machinery, fish, forest products. Agriculture is highly industrialized. New Zealand is often called the sheep farm of Great Britain.

RESOURSES http://www.webturizm.ru http://www.ellf.ru http://nzeland.org http://www.activeclub.com.ua http://www.photoline.ru/photo/1338518000 http://images.yandex.ru

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Official name New Zealand (English); Aoteraoa (Maori) Capital city Wellington Largest cities Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin Total area 268, 680 sq km Population 4,116, 000 people Main religions Christian, Catholic Major ethnic groups Europeans, Maori, Pacific Islanders, Asian Consist of North Island, South Island, Stewart Island, Chatman Islands and minor islands Currency New Zealand Dollar (NZ$) Official language English, Maori Nationality a New Zealander (the New Zealanders) Form of government parliamentary democratic monarchy Natural resources land (for farming, dairy farming, cattle breeding), forests Flag the New Zealand Flag Internet TLD (top-level domain) .nz International dialing code + 64

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The map of New Zealand

New Zealand lies between the Equator and the South Pole in the southern Pacific Ocean, near the eastern coast of Australia. New Zealand is an island country with a total area of 268, 680 sq km. It has no land boundaries. Australia is New Zealander’s nearest western neighbour. These two countries are separated from each other by the Tasman Sea.

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The geographical peculiarities

New Zealand is made up of three main islands – the North Sea, the South Sea and the Stewart Island. The South Island is separated from the North island by Cook Strait.

The Stewart Island Cook Strait The North Sea The South Sea

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There are also such smaller offshore islands as the Chatham Islands, Campbell Islands, the Antipode Islands, the Bounty Islands and the Auckland Islands.

The Antipodes Islands The Kermadec Islands Chatham Island The Bounty Island Campbell Island

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It’s interesting to know…

…New Zealand is 12 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). So, it is one of the first places in the world to see the new day. …The Maori people call New Zealand Aotearoa, which is usually translated into English as “The Land of the Long White Cloud”. …New Zealand is also called “Godzone”, “Pig Isles”, “Shaky Isles”, “Quaky Isles”, “Maoriland” and “Kiwiland” An interesting historical fact… The name “New Zealand” came from Dutch cartographers, who called the islands “Nova Zeelandia”, after the Dutch province of Zeeland. British explorer James Cook adapted the name to the English language and the name became New Zealand.

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Though the country is so small there are so many beautiful things that attract attention - volcanoes, subtropical rainforests, geysers, fiords, beaches, glaciers and high mountain peaks. New Zealand lies on the plates that make geological movements. Volcanic action still continues on the islands. Earthquakes are frequent here though they are not so damaging. The North Island has a number of large active volcanoes, among them is Ruapehu. The last eruptions were here in 1995 and 1996.

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Flora and fauna of New Zealand

Flora in New Zealand is very rich. There are about 2,000 species where 1,500 are endemic (which are only found in this country). It also has some of the oldest trees. Fauna in this country is also special. Long time ago, without enemies, some birds lost their ability to fly, and some insects became gigantic. It’s interesting to know… Before Europeans came to New Zealand there were no predatory animals at all. This was so good for many flightless birds. All wild mammals living in New Zealand at present were imported.

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Many of New Zealand’s native animals are found nowhere else in the world: the kiwi – its egg is about one fifth of its own weight the kakapo – the world’s largest flightless parrot the tuatara – the oldest living reptile Tuataras live for 300 years. They can be traced back 190 million years to the Mesozoic era

kiwi kakapo tuatara

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the biggest earthworms in the world the smallest bats in the world – the only native land mammals in New Zealand the weta – the heaviest insect in the world (70 gm and 20 cm long)

the weta New Zealand bat

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Rivers and mountains

New Zealand is a very mountainous country. About one third of the islands is covered with mountains. The Southern Alps run along the western coast of the South Island and are the highest in New Zealand. Mount Cook is the highest mountain there (3, 050 metres above the sea level).

the Southern Alps Mount Cook

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It’s interesting to know… Sometimes New Zealanders say that the North Island means “beaches” and the South Island means “mountains”

New Zealand’s rivers are mainly short and swift. The longest river is the Waikato. There are many lakes on both islands as well. The North Island’s volcanic interior contains New Zealand’s largest lake. Its name is lake Taupo.

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New Zealand is known for its maritime climate which is quite good during the whole year. It is moist, temperate and is affected by latitude and the proximity of the ocean. Climate of this country has no extremes and no wide range of temperatures. The difference of winter and summer temperatures is about 10 degrees. That is why New Zealand is very attractive for tourists. Seasons here are reverse of the Northern Hemisphere like in Australia. Because of New Zealand’s wet and mild climate many inhabitants of the country are busy with farming and dairy goods production. There are heavy rainfalls in New Zealand all year round which is very good for cattle –farming, sheep- farming, growing fruit, vegetables and flowers.

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More than 85 per cent of the population of New Zealand lives in urban areas. The principal country cities are Wellington (the capital), Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Hamilton, Palmerston North, Hutt City, Invercargill. Early in the 20th century the first four mentioned cities were almost equal in importance but then they started to develop rapidly except for Dunedin. Wellington is the capital of the country, its second largest city, the main port, the centre of finance and commerce and a sit of the government. It is situated on the southern coast of the North Island. The population of greater Wellington is about 350,000 people. Wellington has been the capital of the country since 1865.

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An interesting historical fact… Wellington’s nickname is “the windy city”. The first European name of the city was “Port Nicholson” named after a captain of the British navy who in 1839 bought the land from the local Maori tribe in exchange for blankets. In 1840 the first settlers arrived from Britain and called this settlement “Britannia”. And “Britannia” later became “Wellington”.

Auckland is New Zealand’s largest city and its former capital. It has a population of over a million people. Auckland was first established as the capital of the British colonial government. Despite the fact that Auckland is much larger than Wellington it is geographically less central. So, this was the major deciding factor for transferring the capital to Wellington. Christchurch and Dunedin are two main cities of the South Island. These cities are very much like British ones because of their atmosphere.

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The population of the country

the Maori – маори, представители полинезийской расы, аборигены Новой Зеландии. The population of New Zealand is over four million people. It is unevenly distributed. The main part of the population lives on the North Island which is obviously closer to the Equator and warmer. About 50 per cent of the population lives in four cities of Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin.

It’s interesting to know… Arthur Lydiard, a New Zealander, invented jogging – the method of building physical fitness by increasing stamina gradually through running slowly. Bungee jumping was also invented in New Zealand.

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Almost 70 per cent of the population is people of European (mainly British) background. And about eight per cent is the Maori, New Zealand’s indigenous inhabitants or Aborigines. There are also small minorities of Pacific Islanders and Asians. The Maori originate from a Polynesian people from south-east Asia. The exact date of Polynesian settlement on islands of New Zealand is unknown. It could be between 950-1130 AD. The Maori tribes had lived on the islands of New Zealand for hundreds of years before the white people came there. Abel Tasman was the first European explorer who saw New Zealand in 1642. But captain James Cook, an Englishman, was the first who first set foot on New Zealand’s soil in 1769. After his voyages Europeans began to come frequently.

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An interesting historical fact…

Before Europeans came to the island, the tribes of Maori did not have the name for themselves. They adopted the name “Maori” meaning “normal” to distinguish themselves from Europeans.

The tribes of Maori are well-known all over the world. The Maori are famous for their folk-songs and wood-work. They are often called “Vikings of Sunrise”.

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In the 19th century there was a struggle between the Maori people and the British colonies. It was a series of the Maori Wars. Many of the Maori were killed and English settlers took their lands. Both English and Maori are official languages. English is more widely spoken, though the Maori language is now coming back thanks to the revival of their native language Maoritanga and Maori culture.

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The symbols of New Zealand

The symbol of New Zealand is the kiwi – a flightless bird, native to this country. Kiwi has no tail, almost no wings and is about the size of a large hen. No other bird lays eggs so large in proportion to its size: the egg is about one fifth of its own weigh. It means that in many ways the kiwi does not look like an ordinary bird. It is rare and very much protected.

It’s interesting to know:

The Kiwi as an emblem first appeared in the late 19th century. During World War I the name “kiwi” was used for New Zealand soldiers.

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Today, New Zealanders overseas (and at home) are called “Kiwis”. The Kiwi is closely associated with the Armed Forces. The green fruit with the brown skin that we call “kiwi” is known as “kiwifruit”. They often call small children “Kiwis”. In elementary school there are such posters with the words: “Be a tidy kiwi!” The bird is now used in the coat of arms, crests and badges of many New Zealand cities, clubs and organisations.

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The political system of New Zealand

New Zealand is an independent state and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations. This country is a constitutional monarchy. The British monarch is the Head of State but Governor-General, usually a New Zealander, represents the Queen by carrying out responsibilities. The government consists of the Governor-General, the Prime Minister who is the leader of the party in power, Cabinet (executive branch) and the Parliament (legislative branch).

John Key, the Prime Minister

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The Parliament, contrary to the UK, consists of only one chamber – the House of Representatives. There are 120 members. Its members are elected every three years. The chief political parties are the Labour Party, the National Party and the New Zealand First Party.

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Some details of culture of New Zealand

The culture of New Zealand is a mixture of different cultures: British, Aboriginal and other European countries. Today New Zealanders are highly educated and sophisticated urban dwellers. There is a cultural phenomenon in New Zealand known as “kiwiana”. You know that New Zealanders are called “kiwis” around the world after the native bird “kiwi”. Now their “kiwi” sense of humor, “kiwi” view of life make up “Kiwiana”, which is all the special things and details that show their national identity, their “kiwi nationhood”. Kiwifruit, for example, was once known as Chinese gooseberry, but the fact that it was imported from New Zealand made world call this fruit – kiwifruit.

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How to make dessert “pavlova”

Для безе: белки от 4 яиц 1 стакан (200 мл) сахара Кроме того: 0,5 л баночка консервированной вишни без косточек 10-15 шт. рассыпчатого несладкого крекера 100 г молотых грецких орехов или миндальной стружки Для крема: 0,5 л жирных сливок или густой сметаны 150 г сахара 1 пакетик ванильного сахара желательно - 1-2 пакетика загустителя сливок (если у Вас сливки 35% жирности, то он не понадобится) Для шоколадного соуса: 3 ст. ложки порошка какао 3-4 ст.л. сахара 3-5 ст.л. воды

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1. Готовим безе (можно сделать заранее, но тогда хранить в плотно закрытой банке, в сухом месте). Взбить в крепкую пену 4 белка с 1 стак. сахара. Духовку разогреть до 75 гр С (максимум - до 100). Противень слегка смазать рафинированным подсолнечным маслом, чуть присыпать мукой, и выложить на него чайной ложкой (или из кондитерского шприца со звездообразной насадкой) маленькие безешки. Поставить в нагретую духовку. ВОТ ТУТ САМОЕ ГЛАВНОЕ - ЧТОБЫ БЕЗЕ ПОЛУЧИЛИСЬ БЕЛЫМИ И ХРУСТЯЩИМИ, ОНО ДОЛЖНЫ, СКОРЕЕ ВЫСОХНУТЬ В ДУХОВКЕ, НЕЖЕЛИ ЗАПЕЧЬСЯ!!! Поэтому так важна низкая температура и время выпекания - около 1 - 1,5 часов! Когда безе готовы, осторожно снять их с противня и оставить в сухом месте. 2. Приготовить крем: взбить сливки (сметану) с сахаром, ванильным сахаром и закрепителем в крепкую пену. 3. Шоколадный соус: смешать какао-порошок с сахаром, добавить воду (до кашицеобразного состояния), поставить на маленький огонь, помешивая, проварить 3-5 минут. Остудить.

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4. Составление десерта: на дно посуды, в которой будет подаваться десерт, положить немного раскрошенных крекеров, потом ложку шоколадного соуса, затем немного крема, затем безе, затем вишня, крекер, соус, крем и т.д. Все это пересыпать орехами. Слои составлять неплотно, достаточно условно, главное, чтобы слои были распределены равномерно и «живописно». 5. Сверху немного полить соусом. Можно украсить коктейльной вишней. Дать постоять на холоде 1-2 часа. Enjoy your dessert!!!

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Among the qualities valued by New Zealanders are individualism, self-reliance and a genius for invention. Long time ago first people in New Zealand dealt with isolation and the elements, so that it developed their ingenuity and made them multi-skilled. That contributed a lot to their character. They also have a strong sense of fair play and teamwork. New Zealand was one of the first countries who gave women the right to vote. The language in this country is close to Australian English with some elements of the Maori language.

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What Do You Know about New Zealand?

What is the capital of New Zealand? a. Auckland b. Wellington c. Dunedin Which city is the largest? a. Wellington b. Gisborne c. Auckland What is New Zealand’s nearest neighbour? a. America b. Japan c. Australia Who or what are the ‘Maoris’? a. people b. wild animal c. a range of mountain Who was the first settlers of New Zealand? a. Polynesians b. Captain Cook c. Abel Tasman What is the official Language in Australia? a. English b. Maori c. Spain

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FULL COUNTRY NAME: New Zealand CAPITAL: Wellington TOTAL AREA: 269,000 sq.km POPULATION: 4,182,000 people PEOPLE: 88% Europeans, 125 Maori and Polynesian LANGUAGES: English and Maori RELIGION: Predominantly Christian (81%) HEAD OF STATE: Queen Elizabeth II represented by Governor-General FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional monarchy LONGEST RIVER: Waikato (425 km) LARGEST LAKE: Taupo (606 km) HIGHEST POINT: Mount Cook (3,754 m) NATIONAL DAY: Waitangi Day , 6 February (since 1840) MAJOR INDUSTRIES: wood and paper products, wool, textile, iron, steel CURRENCY: NZ dollar NATIONAL SYMBOLS: Kiwi NATIONAL ANTHEM: “God Defend New Zealand”

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New Zealand is a country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two large islands – the North Island and the South Island – and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. In Māori, New Zealand has come to be known as Aotearoa, which is usually translated into English as The Land of the Long White Cloud. The Realm of New Zealand also includes the Cook Islands and Niue, which are self-governing but in free association; Tokelau; and the Ross Dependency (New Zealand"s territorial claim in Antarctica). New Zealand is notable for its geographic isolation, being separated from Australia to the northwest by the Tasman Sea, approximately 2000 kilometres (1250 miles) across. Its closest neighbours to the north are New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga.

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The Flag of New Zealand is a defaced blue ensign with the Union Flag in the canton, and four red stars with white borders to the right. The stars represent the constellation of Crux, the Southern Cross, as seen from New Zealand. The flag proportion is 1:2 and the colours are Red, Blue and White. Proportion and colours are identical to the Union Flag.

Since 1990, some Māori have been using the red ensign less in favour of a new flag which lacks colonial connotations. Chosen through a competition, the Māori flag uses black to represent Te Korekore or potential being, white to represent Te Ao Marama or the physical world, red to represent Te Whei Ao, the realm of coming into being and the Koru, a curl representing the unfolding of new life.

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Until 1911, New Zealand used the same national coat of arms as the United Kingdom. When New Zealand became a Dominion in 1907, it was decided that a new Coat of Arms was required, and a design competition was held. Since being granted its own arms in 1911, New Zealand"s arms have remained similar to the current design, with minor changes in 1956. The shield is now supported by two figures, a blonde Pākehā (European) woman holding the New Zealand flag, and a Māori warrior holding a taiaha (Māori staff). The shield is topped with the St Edward"s Crown, and beneath the shield are two silver fern leaves and a scroll bearing the words "New Zealand".

The old-style Coat of Arm

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The kiwi bird was named so for the sound of its chirp. This flightless bird, about the size of a domestic hen, has an extremely long beak and plumage more like hair than feathers. It has no tail, almost no wings. It weights about 2 kg. The female kiwi lays only one egg, but it is about 1/5th of her own weight. After laying it she leaves her husband to hatch the egg out. The New Zealand dollar is frequently called the Kiwi. The dollar coin features a kiwi bird on one side.

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The first Europeans known to have reached New Zealand were Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman and his crew in 1642. Any thoughts of a longer stay were thrown away when his attempt to land resulted in several of his crew being killed and eaten by Maori.

New Zealand is one of the most recently settled major land masses. The first settlers of New Zealand were Eastern Polynesians who came to New Zealand, probably in a series of migrations, sometime between around AD 800 and 1300. Over the next few centuries these settlers developed into a distinct culture now known as Māori.

No Europeans returned to New Zealand until British explorer James Cook"s voyage of 1768. Following Cook, New Zealand was visited by numerous European and North American whaling, sealing and trading ships. They traded European food and goods, especially metal tools and weapons, for Māori timber, food, artifacts and water.

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New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. Under the Royal Titles Act (1953), Queen Elizabeth II is Queen of New Zealand and is represented as head of state by the Governor-General Anand Satyanand . New Zealand is the only country in the world in which all the highest offices in the land have been occupied simultaneously by women: Queen Elizabeth II, Governor-General Dame Silvia Cartwright, Prime Minister Helen Clark, Speaker of the House of Representatives Margaret Wilson and Chief Justice Dame Sian Elias were all in office between March 2005 and August 2006.

Helen Clark Margaret Wilson

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The Maori people are the indigenous people of New Zealand. Maoritanga is the native language. It is believed that the Maori migrated from Polynesia in canoes about the 9th century to 13th century AD. The Maoris lived in tribes called ‘iwi’. They lived in villages and were fishermen, hunters and framers. The present Maori population has increased to about 250,000 and the Maori live in all parts of New Zealand, but predominately in the North Island where the climate is warmer.

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Maori Art refers to all the traditional arts: whakairo (wood carving); kowhaiwhai (rafter patterns); ta moko (tattooing); waiata (songs and chants); haka (dance); whaikorero (oratory); waka ama (canoe racing), etc.

Wood Carving A Fence Tattoos Waka taua Maori Art

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The North Island is one of the two main islands of New Zealand. The island is 113,729 sq. km in area, making it the world"s 14th-largest island. It has a population of 3,148,400. Several important cities are in the North Island: Auckland, and Wellington, the capital. Approximately 76% of New Zealand"s population lives in the North Island.

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Wellington is the capital of New Zealand, the country"s second largest urban area and the most populous national capital in Oceania. The population is about 449,000 people. Wellington is New Zealand"s political centre, housing Parliament and the head offices of all government ministries and departments, plus the bulk of the foreign diplomatic missions based in New Zealand.

Te Papa Museum Wellington Parliament Wellington

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Auckland is the largest urban area of the country. With over 1,260,900 people it has over a quarter of the country"s population.

Skyline Town Hall Auckland Waterfront Chancery Auckland

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Hamilton is the country"s 7th largest city. The population is 187, 960 people. It is in the Waikato region of the North Island. It sits on both banks of the Waikato River. The city is host to a large number of small galleries and the Waikato Museum. Hamilton is home to more than 25,000 students, mostly enrolled in one of the city"s two main institutes, the University of Waikato and Waikato Institute of Technology.

City Plaza Victoria Street Novotel Tainui Hamilton

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Tauranga is the largest city of the Bay of Plenty region. The Population is about 109,100 people. It is the 9th largest city area in the country, and the centre of the 6th largest urban area.

View of Town Town Centre The House Tauranga

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Rotorua is a town on the southern shore of Lake Rotorua in the Bay of Plenty region. The city has a population of 53,000, of which one third is Māori. Rotorua is well-known for geothermal activity. There are a number of geysers, notably the 20-m Pohutu geyser at Whakarewarewa, and hot mud pools located in the city, which owe their presence to the Rotorua caldera.

Geyser Visitors Centre Bath-House Lake Rotorua

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New Plymouth is the port and main city in the Taranaki region. The population is about 49,500 people. The city is a service centre for the region"s principal economic activities. It is also a bustling financial centre as the home of the TSB Bank.

Govett-Brewster Art Gallery Civil Centre’s Entrance Pakekura Park Striking Candmark New Plymouth

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Gisborne is the name of a unitary authority in New Zealand, being both a region and a district. The population is about 32,700 people. Gisborne is named for an early Colonial Secretary William Gisborne. The council is located in the city of Gisborne.

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Taupo is a small urban area in the centre of the North Island. It is the seat of the Taupo District Council. Taupo has a population of 22,300.Taupo is located at the north-east corner of Lake Taupo, and functions as a tourist centre, particularly in the summer, as it offers panoramic views over the lake and the volcanic mountains of Tongariro National Park to the south. One of New Zealand"s most spectacular waterfalls, the Huka Falls is also close to the town.

Main Road Huka Falls Taupo

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The South Island is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand. The South Island has an area of 151,215 sq. km, making it the world"s 12th-largest island. It has a population of 991,100. Along its west coast runs the mountain chain of the Southern Alps with Mount Cook being the highest point, 3,754 m.

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Christchurch is the regional capital of Canterbury. The largest city in the South Island, it is also the second largest city and third largest urban area of New Zealand. The Population is about 367,700 people. The city is named after the Christ Church cathedral, which is itself named after Christ Church, a college at the University of Oxford, and the Cathedral of Oxford. The city was originally known as Christ Church, the written form consolidating by the 1880s.

College Museum Cathedral Christchurch

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Dunedin is the second-largest city in the South Island, and the principal city of the region of Otago. The population is about 114,700 people. It is New Zealand"s fifth largest city in terms of population. For historical and cultural reasons, Dunedin is considered one of the country"s four main centres. The city stands on the hills and valleys surrounding the head of Otago Harbour. The harbour and hills are the remnants of an extinct volcano. It is the home of the University of Otago.

Railway Station Dunedin

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The City of Nelson is the administrative centre of the Nelson region. The population is about 60,500 people. Nelson received its name in honour of the Admiral Nelson. Nelson is a centre for arts and crafts, and each year hosts popular events such as the Nelson Arts Festival.

Cathedral Step Hardy Street Trafalgar Street Nelson

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Queenstown is a picturesque tourist destination located in the South Island. The population of the Queenstown is 9,251. The town is built around an inlet on Lake Wakatipu. Queenstown is the adventure capital of the world. Many tourists flock to the area year round to indulge in activities such as white water rafting, kayaking, jet boating, tandem sky-driving.

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Picton is the gateway to the South Island. The town"s main purpose is to cater for the travellers who arrive or depart the ferry service that runs between both the North and South islands. Picton is a small town, but is busy as travellers prepare to explore the area or strike out further a field to the nearby Nelson or Canterbury regions. The population is about 4,200 people.

Queen Charlotte Sound High Street Picton

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New Zealand’s 3rd largest island, Stewart Island is a very special place. The only town is Oban with population about 400 people. It is a heaven for native birds’ life. The kiwi, rare in both the North and the South Island, is common over much of the island, particularly around beaches. The weather is changeable on the island. Tramping the many tracks, see kayaking, fishing, walking on the bird sanctuary, Ulva Island is some of the exiting things people can do on this island.

Oban Stewart Island

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There are some 70 species of birds found nowhere else in the world, more than a third of them are flightless, and almost a quarter of them nocturnal. Notable New Zealand birds include the Tui, Bellbird, Kiwi, Kakapo, Takahe, and Weka. New Zealand is also home to many seabirds including the Albatross, which has the longest wing span of any bird in the world. The most spectacular of all New Zealand birds was the Moa. Some Moa"s reached heights of 15 feet, making them the tallest bird in the world.

Weka Moa Kakapo Takahe Birds

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New Zealand is one of the world’s richest bio-diverse flora areas on earth. It is endemic and its extent is enormous. Native trees include Rimu, Totara, Matai, Kahikatea, Rata, Tawa and many species of ferns including some giant tree ferns. Other notable trees include the Cabbage Tree, the Nikau Palm which is New Zealand"s only palm tree, and the Giant Kauri, which hold the record for the greatest timber volume of any tree. One of the most noticeable plants is the Pohutukawa which detonates with brilliant red flowers around December.

Cabbage Tree Nikau Palm Pohutukawa Fern Rata Plants

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With the exception of two species of bat, no indigenous mammals are native to New Zealand. Wild mammals include deer, goats, pigs, rabbits, weasels, ferrets. Marine mammals are dolphins, seals and whales. New Zealand contains no snakes and has only one poisonous spider called the Katipo. Other insects include the Weta one species of which may grow as large as a house mouse and is the heaviest insect in the world. New Zealand"s most unigue animal is the Tuatara, which is a lizard-like reptile that predates the Dinosaur and is considered a living fossil.

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Geographical location: … Southwest Pacific Ocean Situation: … the North Island and the South Island Capital: … Total area: … square kilometres. Population: …people. First settlers: … Principal towns: … Auckland, Christchurch, Wellington. Principal industries: … wood and paper products, wool, textile, iron, steel. Head of State … Queen … represented by … Birds: … Animals: … National emblems: …

Tell about New Zealand using the chart